In all operations carried out by ship (loading, refueling, cruising, etc.) there is a possibility of oil spilling into the sea. According to MARPOL, ships have to take various precautions against the possibility of spilling oil into the sea. In this scope, vessels should have oil spill equipment ready for use at all times.
If oil is mixed into the sea, the amount of penal sanction varies depending on the size of the environmental impact and the measures taken or not taken by the ship and its personnel.